- MEGA SAMPLES VOL 041 2DEEP Zombies WAV MiDi AudeoBox Kaleidoscope Future Bass 2 WAV MiDi AudeoBox Swamped WAV MiDi Big EDM G-HOUSE Samplepack WAV MiDi NATiVE iNSTRUMENTS MASSiVE REVEAL SOUND SPiRE XFER RECORDS SERUM Catalyst Samples Autumn Deep House WAV MiDi Cinetools Maximus.
- Jul 17, 2017 2Deep Killer Samples Vol 2 WAV 2Deep Purple Dreamz WAV 2DEEP Streets Is Watchin Vol.2 WAV MiDi Ant Gold Producer Collection WAV Cinetools Disturbia WAV Dan Ward Generative Atmospheres and Pads WAV Dan Ward Generative Synth, Glitch and Groove WAV Dan Ward Nodal Drums WAV Epic Stock Media Fantasy World WAV Feverkin Downtempo Thoughts WAV Fold Expansive Horizons Read More ».
Explore the world of Mac. Check out MacBook Pro, iMac Pro, MacBook Air, iMac, and more. Visit the Apple site to learn, buy, and get support. Jul 07, 2017 Samples by Vanity In The Style Of Vol.5 Mura Masa WAV Samples by Vanity In The Style Of Vol.7 TA-KU WAV Samples From Mars 909 Loops From Mars WAV MiDi REX AiFF Samples From Mars SYS100M FROM MARS MULTiFORMAT Samples From Mars VP-330 From Mars MULTiFORMAT Samplesound Techno Volume 1 WAV Samplestar Pro Mass Digital Melodic Deep House WAV.
A technique for efficient sorting of live termites from debris.
Psyche 100:1-4, 1993.
Full text (searchable PDF, 252K)
Durable link: http://psyche.entclub.org/100/100-001.html
The following unprocessed text is extracted from the PDF file, and is likely to be both incomplete and full of errors. Please consult the PDF file for the complete article.
PSYCHE
Vol. 100 1993 Nos. 1-2
A TECHNIQUE FOR EFFICIENT SORTING OF
LIVE TERMITES FROM DEBRIS
BY BARBARA L. THORNE AND NANCY L. BREISCH Department of Entomology
University of Maryland
College Park, MD 20742-5575
Sorting live termites from nest debris or soil is normally a labor- intensive procedure. Heavily populated nest sections or pieces of infested wood can be tapped over a collection dish, yielding satis- fying results at first but often diminishing rewards as termites hold on tenaciously or retreat to central cavities. Further, the process of tapping invariably also produces small pieces of debris as contami- nants in the collection tray. Those particles are unacceptable for clean samples for such purposes as reference collections, chemical or DNA analyses, weights, or volumetric samples. In these circum- stances, a second stage 'clean sort' is necessary. Among the techniques for picking out termites one by one, featherweight forceps are effective if administered gently. Some people prefer to use aspirators, but these should be limited to reverse-flow aspirators because of the hazard of lung infection from inhaling soil microbes or fungal spores present amidst termite debris. The receiving vial of an aspirator must be emptied fre- quently to avoid insect damage due to crowding. Soldier termites with defense secretions may obstruct aspirator suction tubes. Termitologists with sufficient patience use small paintbrushes to separate termites, nudging them towards a target receptacle or Manuscript received 12 February 1993.
Pachc 100: 1-4 11993). http //psyck mlclub.me/IOQ'100-001 hlml
2 Psyche [VOI. 100
waiting for them to crawl onto the brush, then collecting them with a quick flick into a container. Narrow cardboard strips (or folded index cards) are used in the same manner. Termite biologists use a variety of techniques to separate larger numbers of termites from broken nest fragments, splintered wood or soil. 'Papering off' or 'carding' termites works well for many species (Gay et al. 1955, McMahan and Watson 1977). In this approach one places a piece of paper or an index card on an active section of debris, letting the termites crawl onto the paper. Many species respond well to vertical positioning of the paper surface. When the card accumulates a large number of exploring termites, it is moved over to a collecting dish and tapped or flicked to dislodge the insects. The procedure is repeated as desired for collecting or sampling. Corrugated cardboard or moist paper towels are standard substrate variants for this technique, depending on conditions and the species under study.
Sieves with moisture below (eg. a container of moist sand or fil- ter paper) and/or heat above (light bulb) can work well to encour- age termites to sort themselves from other substrates by crawling through the sieve screen and dropping to the container below. Cau- tion must be taken, however, to check the apparatus frequently to avoid dessication.
In studies in which entire nests have been fumigated, water flotation methods are used to separate dead termites from nest and particle debris (Wiegert 1970, Darlington 1984). Isolating large numbers of subterranean termites from wood and soil debris is particularly challenging. These insects are typically small and delicate, and mortality from handling can be substantial with standard methods of obtaining clean samples. We describe here a quick, effective and inexpensive technique for sorting live Reticulitermes from debris. We have tested the technique with R. flavipes (Kollar), R. virginicus (Banks) and R. hesperus Banks. This approach may well be generalized or adapted for use with other termite genera.
Remove termites from their host substrate by tapping occupied sections over a collection tray or flat container. Splinters of wood debris, termite galleries and soil will also rain into the collection
19931 Thorne & Breisch 3
arena. Large fragments of wood should be removed to reduce harborage for the termites. After this initial crude separation, lay lengths of flexible plastic tubing (3116' internal diameter; 114' out- side diameter) in the collection tray, positioned such that the open ends are accessible to termites and the tube lies relatively flat. Ter- mites frequently travel along the perimeter of containers, so pru- dent placement of tube ends intersects these routes (especially corners). Open ends are best cut at angles rather than straight to expose more surface area at the opening. Tube length is not impor- tant, but 10-20 cm sections are convenient. Termites will soon begin to crawl into the tubes, packing in tightly with immigration greatly exceeding emigration. Termites prefer tight spaces over open areas, and are thus cooperative in remaining in the tubes. Leave the termites to self-sort; depending on numbers and activity level an interval of 10-60 minutes should yield good results.
When a tube is filled or sufficiently occupied, carefully lift it over a second collecting vessel and gently tap out the termites. Alternatively, a longer length of collection tubing (eg. 1 meter) can be draped over the edge of a lab bench, with one or both ends posi- tioned in a new collection receptacle. Termites crawl out of the tubing into the container, eliminating the need for handling or dis- turbance. Replace the tubing for additional sampling. 'Condi- tioned' tubes (previously occupied by termites, or formerly used as transit connections between two containers of termites) will out- perform clean tubing, but ultimately even new tubes will entice ter- mites.
The tube technique can be used in conjunction with other meth- ods; for example lengths of tubing placed in the collection recepta- cle under a sieve or Berlese sorting apparatus will attract dislodged termites and thus reduce dessication stress. The tube technique has a number of advantages over many other methods to collect Reticulitermes. After a quick, crude initial sepa- ration the biologist need return only occasionally to retrieve groups of uninjured, protected, debris-free specimens. DARLINGTON, J. P. E. C.
1984. A method for sampling the populations of large termite nests. Ann. Appl. Biol. 104: 427-436.
4 Psyche [vo~. 100
GAY, F. J., GREAVES, T., HOLDAWAY, F. G., WEATHERLY, A. H. 1955. Standard laboratory colonies of termites for evaluating the resistance of timber, timber preservatives, and other materials to termite attack. CSIRO, Bulletin #227, Melbourne, 60 pp.
MCMAHAN, E. A., WATSON, J. A. L.
1977. The effect of separation by 'papering' on caste ratios in Nasutitermes exitiosus (Hill) (Isoptera). J. Aust. Ent. Soc. 16: 455-457. WIEGERT, R. G.
1970. Energetics of the nest-building termite, Nasutitermes costalis (Holm- gren), in a Puerto Rican forest. In: Odum, H. T. A Tropical Rain Forest. Division of Technical Information, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. pp. 57-64.
Optimised Storage helps you save storage space by storing your content in iCloud and making it available on demand:
- When storage space is needed, files, photos, films, email attachments and other files that you rarely use will be stored in iCloud automatically.
- Each file will stay exactly where you last saved it and will be downloaded when you open it.
- Files that you’ve used recently will remain on your Mac, along with optimised versions of your photos.
Mega Samples Vol **100 For Mac Osx
If you haven't yet upgraded to macOS Sierra or later, find out about other ways to free up storage space.
Find out how much storage is available on your Mac
Choose Apple menu > About This Mac and then click Storage. Each segment of the bar is an estimate of the storage space used by a category of files. Move your pointer over each segment for more detail.
Click the Manage button to open the Storage Management window, pictured below.
Manage storage on your Mac
The Storage Management window offers recommendations for optimising your storage. If some recommendations have already been turned on, you will see fewer recommendations.
Store in iCloud
Click the Store in iCloud button and then choose from these options:
- Desktop and Documents. Store all files from these two locations in iCloud Drive. When storage space is needed, only the files you've opened recently will be kept on your Mac, so that you can work offline easily. Files only stored in iCloud will display a download icon , which you can double-click to download the original file. Learn more about this feature.
- Photos. Store all original, full-resolution photos and videos in iCloud Photos. When storage space is needed, only space-saving (optimised) versions of photos are kept on your Mac. To download the original photo or video, just open it.
- Messages. Store all messages and attachments in iCloud. When storage space is needed, only the messages and attachments you recently opened are kept on your Mac. Find out more about Messages in iCloud.
Storing files in iCloud uses the storage space in your iCloud storage plan. If you reach or exceed your iCloud storage limit, you can either buy more iCloud storage or make more iCloud storage available. iCloud storage starts at 50 GB for $0.99 (USD) a month, and you can purchase additional storage directly from your Apple device. Find out more about the prices in your region.
Optimise Storage
Click the Optimise button to save space by automatically removing films and TV programmes you've watched. When storage space is needed, films or TV programmes that you've purchased from Apple and have already watched will be removed from your Mac. Click the download icon next to a film or TV programme to download it again.
Your Mac will also save space by only keeping recent email attachments on this Mac when storage space is needed. You can manually download any attachments at any time by opening the email or attachment, or saving the attachment to your Mac.
Optimising storage for films, TV programmes and email attachments doesn't require iCloud storage space.
Empty Bin Automatically
Empty Bin Automatically permanently deletes files that have been in the Bin for more than 30 days.
Reduce Clutter
Reduce Clutter helps you identify large files and files you may no longer need. Click the Review Files button and then choose any of the file categories in the sidebar, such as Applications, Documents, Music Creation or Bin.
You can delete the files in some categories directly from this window. Other categories show the total storage space used by the files in each app. You can then open the app and decide whether to delete files from within it.
Mega Samples Vol 95
Find out how to re-download apps, music, films, TV programmes and books.
Where to find the settings for each feature
The button for each recommendation in the Storage Management window affects one or more settings in other apps. You can also control these settings directly within each app.
- If you're using macOS Catalina or later, choose Apple menu > System Preferences, click Apple ID, then select iCloud in the sidebar: Store in iCloud turns on the Optimise Mac Storage setting on the right-hand side. To turn off iCloud Drive entirely, deselect iCloud Drive.
- If you're using macOS Mojave or earlier, choose Apple menu > System Preferences, click iCloud, then click Options next to iCloud Drive. Store in iCloud turns on the Desktop & Documents Folders and Optimise Mac Storage settings.
- In Photos, choose Photos > Preferences and then click iCloud. Store in iCloud selects iCloud Photos and Optimise Mac Storage.
- In Messages, choose Messages > Preferences, then click iMessage. Store in iCloud selects Enable Messages in iCloud.
- If you're using macOS Catalina or later, open the Apple TV app, choose TV > Preferences from the menu bar, then click Files. Optimise Storage selects “Automatically delete watched films and TV programmes”.
- In you're using macOS Mojave or earlier, open iTunes, choose iTunes > Preferences from the menu bar, then click Advanced. Optimise Storage selects “Automatically delete watched films and TV programmes”.
- In Mail, choose Mail > Preferences from the menu bar and then click Accounts. In the Account Information section on the right, Optimise Storage sets the Download Attachments menu to either Recent or None.
Empty Bin Automatically: From the Finder, choose Finder > Preferences, then click Advanced. Empty Bin Automatically selects “Remove items from the Bin after 30 days”.
Other ways that macOS automatically helps to save space
With macOS Sierra or later, your Mac will take these additional steps automatically to save storage space:
- Detects duplicate downloads in Safari, keeping only the most recent version of the download
- Reminds you to delete used app installers
- Removes old fonts, languages and dictionaries that aren't being used
- Clears caches, logs and other unnecessary data when storage space is needed
How to free up storage space manually
Even without using the Optimised Storage features described in this article, you can take other steps to make more storage space available:
- Music, films and other media can use a lot of storage space. Learn how to delete music, films and TV programmes from your device.
- Delete other files that you no longer need by moving them to the Bin, then emptying the Bin. The Downloads folder is good place to look for files that you may no longer need.
- Move files to an external storage device.
- Compress files.
- Delete unneeded email: In the Mail app, choose Mailbox > Erase Junk Mail. If you no longer need the email in your Deleted Items mailbox, choose Mailbox > Erase Deleted Items.
Learn more
- The Storage pane of About This Mac is the best way to determine the amount of storage space available on your Mac. Disk Utility and other apps may show storage categories, such as Not Mounted, VM, Recovery, Other Volumes, Free or Purgeable. Don't rely on these categories to understand how to free up storage space or how much storage space is available for your data.
- When you duplicate a file on an APFS-formatted volume, that file doesn't use additional storage space on the volume. Deleting a duplicate file only frees up the space required by any data that you might have added to the duplicate. If you no longer need any copies of the file, you can recover all of the storage space by deleting both the duplicate and the original file.
- If you're using a pro app and Optimise Mac Storage, find out how to make sure your projects are always on your Mac and able to access their files.